Whitby Abbey and St Mary's Church
Whitby historically,mbt schuhe, has a very varied and interesting past. An ancient town, little is known before the construction of the forerunner of Whitby Abbey which was a wooden church structure built on the top of the East Cliff in AD 656. In the Roman period there was a lighthouse probably situated at the same site which gave rise to the Saxon name of Streonshalh (lighhouse bay). There could possibly have been a Roman settlement here but the only indication of such is a couple of coins found here and the close proximity of the Roman Roads. There have been many Roman Settlements in the immediate area, and indeed,mbt schuhe, in some of the moorland villages there is evidence of such settlements.
St. Hilda founded the Abbey and lived there until her death in AD 680. She was a remarkable woman, very knowledgeable and wise and much respected by the various Kings. It was she who inspired a lowly herdsman Caedmon to write down the songs he heard in his dreams, he in turn became a famous poet. King Oswiu of Northumbria chose Whitby Abbey to hold the The Synod of Whitby, in AD 664 to calculate the date of Easter in line with the customs of Rome.
Legend has it that St. Hilda drove a plague of snakes off the end of the cliff and these turned to stone. The stone- like fossils called ammonites are, in fact, called hildoceras after St. Hilda. Many years ago snakes heads were carved onto the ammonites and sold as souvenirs. Three ammonites are on the plaque of Whitby Town.
After the death of St. Hilda, the wooden monastery was replaced by a 40 cell stone building later to be destroyed by the Danes circa AD 866. It lay derelict for a further two centuries until the present Abbey started to be built around 1078 after the land was given to Reinfrid, a Knight. It was around this time that the town obtained its modern name of Whitby (white-town). In 1334 a gale blew down the nave walls, again it was rebuilt. The Reformation by Henry VIII with the Dissolution of the Monastries, destroyed it in 1539. The building stood until 1711 but then in 1736 the south transept collapsed and the nave fell in 1794. In 1830 the central tower crumbled and storms damaged the choir in 1839. It was shelled by the Germans on December 14th, 1914.
The Abbey today is the responsibility of English Heritage. Alongside the Abbey is the building of the 'Cholmley' family mansion built after the Henry III's Dissolution of the Monasteries. It is behind the original faade of this building, built in 1672, that there is now an award winning exhibition and visitor centre. It has an interactive section and display artefacts from the Anglo Saxon and Medieval Period.
The Church of St,mbt zum Verkauf, Mary, situated nearby the Abbey on the East Cliff was constructed around the 1100s but the only evidence of this is in the basic structure and the tower. Originally the church was erected for the general population as they were not permitted in the Abbey. The interior is quite a patchwork of various styles from over the ages but it mostly from the 18th Century. Centre stage is the three tier pulpit with two ear trumpets leading from the top tier to the seat nearby where the vicar's wife who was profoundly deaf could hear her husband's sermon. Near to the Norman Chancel Arch, is the 'Cholmley Pew', facing the pulpit where the rich 18th Century Cholmley family were able to view the sermon from the privacy of their own pew. Along the aisles of the church are boxed pews allocated to various families or particular groups. Some still have the names on the sides. The church boasts the most complete set of pre-Victorian furnishings in this country as well as an original Elizabethan Altar Table. At the rear of the Church there is a display of old photographs, stonework and artifacts.
Attached to the side of the accessed by a small iron gate there is a memorial stone in memory of a family whose parents were both born on the same day and died on the same day and whose children were born on the same day,mbt zum Verkauf!
The ancient graveyard of St. Mary's has numerous tombstones and graves weathered by the lashing winds off the North Sea. There are many memorials to the seafaring population and their families. Fishermen, sailors and lifeboatmen though there is not thought to be any pirates,christian louboutin france, although there is a tombstone with a skull and crossbones,christian louboutin soldes! At the top of the 199 steps at the entrance to the graveyard is Caedmon's Cross,hogan, carved from Northumbrian stone in a Celtic style erected in 1898, dedicated to Caedmon the lowly herdsman who, encouraged by St. Hilda, became a famous poet.
The church is accessed by the 199 steps leading up from Church Street as well as by road off Green Lane. Alongside the 199 steps is the 'Donkey Path'. This cobbled pathway was the access whereby the coffins were carried to the Church before the invention of the motor vehicle.Related articles：
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